Actinium, the properties of atoms, chemical and physical properties.
Th 90 Thorium
232,03806(2) 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10 4s2 4p6 4d10 4f14 5s2 5p6 5d10 6s2 6p6 6d2 7s2
Thorium element periodic system of chemical elements D. I. Mendeleev, with atomic number 90. Located in the 3rd group (old classification — side subgroup of the third group), the seventh period of the periodic system. Belongs to the group of actinides.
General information
Properties of an atom
Chemical properties
Physical properties
Table of chemical elements of D. I. Mendeleev
General information
|
|
| Name |
Thorium/ Thorium |
| Symbol |
Th |
| Room at the table |
90 |
| Type |
Metal |
| Open |
Th. Berzelius, Sweden, 1828 |
| Appearance, etc. |
Grey, soft, malleable, ductile, slightly radioactive metal |
| The contents in the earth’s crust |
About 0.0006 % |
| The contents in the ocean |
A 4.0×10-12 % |
Properties of an atom
|
|
| The atomic mass (molar mass) |
232,03806(2) and. E. M. (g/mol) |
| Electronic configuration |
1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10 4s2 4p6 4d10 4f14 5s2 5p6 5d10 6s2 6p6 6d2 7s2 |
| The radius of the atom |
180 PM |
Chemical properties
|
|
| Oxidation |
+4 |
| Valence |
+4 |
| Covalent radius |
165 PM |
| The radius of the ion |
(+4e) PM 102 |
| Radius van der Waals |
|
| Electronegativity |
Of 1.3 (scale Pauling) |
| Energy of ionization (the first electron) |
670,4 kJ/mol (of 6.95 eV) |
| Electrode potential |
|
Physical properties
|
|
| Density (under normal conditions) |
11,78 g/cm3 |
| Melting point |
1750 °C (2023 K) |
| Boiling point |
4788 °C (5061 K) |
| UD. the heat of fusion |
Of 16.11 kJ/mol |
| UD. heat of evaporation |
513,7 kJ/mol |
| Molar heat capacity |
26,23 j/(K·mol) |
| Molar volume |
Of 19.8 cm3/mol |
| The thermal conductivity (at 300 K) |
54.0 W/(m·K) |
| The electrical conductivity in the solid phase |
6. 7×106 Cm/m |
| Superconductivity at a temperature of |
|
| Hardness |
3 on the Mohs scale, 350 MPa Vickers |
| The lattice structure |
face-centered cubic |
| The lattice parameters |
5,080 Å |
| Debye Temperature |
100 To |
Table of chemical elements of D. I. Mendeleev
