The zinc oxide, characteristics, properties and production, chemical reactions

The zinc oxide, characteristics, properties and production, and chemical reactions.

 

 

Zinc oxide is an inorganic substance and has chemical formula ZnO.

 

Brief description of the zinc oxide

Physical properties of zinc oxide

Obtaining zinc oxide

Chemical properties of zinc oxide

Chemical reactions of zinc oxide

The application and use of zinc oxide

 


Brief description of zinc oxide:

Zinc oxide is an inorganic substance of white color.

Since the valence of zinc is two, then the zinc oxide contains one atom of oxygen and one atom of zinc.

Chemical formula of zinc oxide ZnO.

When heated, it turns yellow. At a temperature of 1800 OS is sublimated.

Insoluble in water.

Zinc oxide refers to toxic substances. Its dust is harmful to the respiratory system.

 

Physical properties of zinc oxide:

Parameter name: Value:
Chemical formula ZnO
Synonyms and foreign language names zinc oxide (eng.)

zincite (Rus.)

zinc oxide (Rus.)

The type of substance. inorganic
Appearance white hexagonal crystals
Color white
Taste —*
The smell
Aggregate state (at 20 °C and atmospheric pressure of 1 ATM.) solid
Density (state of matter – solid, at 20 °C), kg/m3 5610
Density (state of matter – solid, at 20 °C) g/cm3 Of 5.61
Temperature sublimation, °C 1800
Melting point, °C 1975
Molar mass, g/mol 81,408
Thermal conductivity, W/(m·K) 54

* Note:

— no data.

 

Obtaining zinc oxide:

In nature it occurs as the mineral zincite, which almost completely consists of zinc oxide.

Zinc oxide also is obtained by the following chemical reactions:

1. combustion of zinc in oxygen:

2Zn + O2 → 2ZnО (t > 250 oC).

2. by thermal decomposition of zinc hydroxide:

Zn(OH)2 → ZnO + H2O (t = 100-250 oC).

3. by thermal decomposition of zinc carbonate:

ZnCO3 → ZnO + CO2 (t = 200-300 oC).

4. by thermal decomposition of the nitrate of zinc:

2Zn(NO3)2 → 2ZnO + 4NO2 + O2 (t = 300-500 oC).

5. by oxidative roasting of zinc sulfide:

2ZnS + 3O2 → 2ZnO + 2SO2 (t = 800-1000 oC).

6. by thermal decomposition of zinc acetate.

 

Chemical properties of zinc oxide. Chemical reactions of zinc oxide:

Zinc oxide relates to amphoteric oxides. It exhibits, depending on the conditions of either basic or acidic properties.

Chemical properties of zinc oxide are similar to the properties of amphoteric oxides of other metals. So it is characterized by the following chemical reactions:

1. the reaction of zinc oxide with carbon:

ZnO + C → Zn + CO (t = 1200-1300 oC).

The reaction produces zinc oxide and carbon (II). Thus, zinc is recovered from zinc oxide by coke or charcoal at temperatures of 1200-1300 oC.

2. the reaction of zinc oxide with silicon oxide:

ZnО + SiO2 → ZnSiО3 (t = 1200-1400 oC),

2ZnО + SiO2 → Zn2SiО4 (t = 900-1000 oC).

The oxide of silicon is an acidic oxide. The reaction in the first case, a salt – metasilicate zinc, the second – orthosilicate zinc.

3. the reaction of zinc oxide with an oxide of sulfur:

ZnО + SO2 → ZnSО3.

The oxide of sulfur is acidic oxide. The reaction forms a salt with sulphite of zinc.

4. the reaction of zinc oxide with boron oxide:

ZnО + B2O3 → Zn(BO2)2.

In the reaction, the formed salt is zinc borate.

5. the reaction of zinc oxide with the oxide of carbon:

ZnО + CO → Zn + CO2 (t = 700 oC).

The reaction produces zinc and carbon dioxide.

6. the reaction of zinc oxide with the oxide of barium:

ZnО + VAO → BaZnО2 (t = 1100 oC).

The reaction produced a salt – zincat barium.

7. the reaction of zinc oxide with the oxide of chromium:

ZnО + СгО3 → ZnCrО4.

In the reaction, the formed salt is a chromate of zinc.

8. the reaction of zinc oxide with iron oxide:

ZnО + Fe 2 o 3 is → Fe2ZnО4 (t = 800-1000 oC),

ZnО + Fe 2 o 3 is → ZnFe2О4 (t = 800-1000 oC).

In the reaction, the formed oxide of iron-zinc.

9. the reaction of zinc oxide with the oxide of molybdenum:

ZnО + МоО3 → ZnMoО4.

In the reaction, the formed salt is zinc molybdate.

10. the reaction of zinc oxide with the oxide of vanadium:

2ZnО + VО2 → Zn2VО4 (t = 1500-1700 oC).

The reaction produced a salt – tetracosanoate zinc.

11. the reaction of zinc oxide with the oxide of manganese:

3ZnО + MnO2 → MnZn3О5 (t = 700-800 oC),

ZnО + Мп2О3 → ZnMn2О4 (t = 900 oC).

The reaction produced in the first case, manganese oxide-Tricine, the second manganese oxide-zinc.

12. the reaction of zinc oxide with the oxide of tungsten:

ZnО + WО3 → ZnWО4 (t = 600-800 oC).

The reaction produced a salt – tungstate of zinc.

13. the reaction of zinc oxide with the zinc sulfide:

2ZnO + ZnS → 3Zn + SO2.

As a result of chemical reaction is obtained zinc and zinc oxide.

14. the reaction of zinc oxide with zinc chloride and water:

ZnO + ZnCl2 + H2O → 2Zn(OH)Cl (t = 100-130 oC).

As a result of chemical reaction is obtained quickly (2-3 minutes) hardening the mass – chloride-hydroxide of zinc (called zinc cement). Zinc chloride concentrated solution.

15. the reaction of zinc oxide with hydrofluoric acid:

ZnO + 2HF → ZnF2 + H2O.

As a result of chemical reaction it turns out salt is a fluoride of zinc, and water.

16. the reaction of zinc oxide with nitric acid:

ZnO + 2HNO3 → 2Zn(NO3)2 + H2O.

As a result of chemical reaction it turns out salt is a nitrate of zinc and water.

17. the reaction of zinc oxide with phosphoric acid:

3ZnO + 2H3PO4 → Zn3(PO4)2 + 3H2O.

As a result of chemical reactions obtained salt – orthophosphate of zinc and water. Phosphoric acid is initially dissolved in water.

Similarly, are the reaction of zinc oxide with other acids.

18. the reaction of zinc oxide with hydrogen bromide (bromoderma):

ZnO + 2HBr → ZnBr2 + H2O.

As a result of chemical reactions obtained salt – bromide of zinc and water.

19. the reaction of zinc oxide with yodovidona:

ZnO + 2HI → ZnI2 + H2O.

As a result of chemical reactions obtained salt – iodide of zinc and water.

20. the reaction of zinc oxide with hydrogen sulfide:

ZnO + H2S → ZnS + H2O (t = 450-550 oC).

As a result of chemical reaction it turns out salt is a zinc sulphide and water.

21. the reaction of zinc oxide with hydroxide of sodium:

ZnO + 2NaOH → Na2ZnO2 + H2O (t = 500-600 oC).

As a result of chemical reaction is obtained salt – zincate of sodium and water.

22. the reaction of zinc oxide with sodium hydroxide and water:

ZnO + NaOH + H2O → Na[Zn(OH)3] (t = 100 oC),

ZnO + 2NaOH + H2O → Na2[Zn(OH)4] (t = 90 oC).

As a result of chemical reactions in the first case trihydroxide sodium. The sodium hydroxide is initially dissolved in water. A solution of sodium hydroxide in water is 40 %. The reaction proceeds while boiling.

As a result of chemical reaction in the second case, it turns trihydroxide sodium. The sodium hydroxide is initially dissolved in water. A solution of sodium hydroxide in water 60 %. The reaction proceeds at a temperature of 90 oC.

23. the reaction of zinc oxide with hydrate of ammonia:

ZnО + 4(NH3•H2O) → [Zn(NH3)4](OH)2 + 3H2O.

The reaction produces hydroxide tetramantane and water. Hydrate of ammonia – concentrated solution.

24. the reaction of zinc oxide with ammonium chloride:

ZnО + 2NH4Cl → ZnCl2 + 2NH3 + H2O (t°).

The reaction produces zinc chloride, ammonia and water.

 

Application and usage of zinc oxide:

Zinc oxide is used as a filler component or catalyst in the chemical, pharmaceutical, rubber, paint and petroleum industries, in manufacturing glass and ceramics and in medicine.

 

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