Phosphorus oxide (V), properties, preparation, chemical reactions.
Phosphorus oxide (V) is an inorganic substance and has a chemical formula of P4O10 and P2O5.
Brief description of the oxide of phosphorus (V)
Modification of phosphorus oxide (V)
Physical properties of phosphorus oxide (V)
Obtaining phosphorus oxide (V)
Chemical properties of phosphorus oxide (V)
The chemical reaction of phosphorus oxide (V)
The application and use of phosphorus oxide (V)
Brief description of the phosphorus oxide (V). The formula of phosphorus oxide (V):
Phosphorus oxide (V) is an inorganic substance of white color.
The oxide of phosphorus (V) contains four phosphorus atoms and ten oxygen atoms.
The chemical formula of the oxide of phosphorus (V) P4O10 and P2O5. For ease record use the last formula.
Insoluble in water and interacts with it, forming acid.
Acidic oxide.
Modification of phosphorus oxide (V):
Solid oxide phosphorus (V) is prone to polymorphism. There are three forms of modification of the oxide of phosphorus (V): H, O`, O, and G forms-modification.
hexagonal H-shape | orthorhombic O`-form | orthorhombic O-form | G-form | |
State of matter | Crystalline form | Crystal | Crystalline form | Glass-like look |
The nature of stability of the form of | Metastable form | Stable form | Metastable form | |
Other features | a=0,744 nm, angle = 87°, space group R3C | a=1,63 nm, b=0,814 nm, c=0,526 nm, space group Fdd2 | a=0,923 nm, b = 0,718 nm, c = 0,494 nm, space group Pnam |
H-shape goes into the O-shape at 300-360 °C (the process ends at 378 °C).
Physical properties of phosphorus oxide (V). Weight, color, density, temperature, etc.:
Parameter name: | Value: |
Chemical formula of phosphorus oxide (V) | P4O10 and P2O5 |
Synonyms and foreign language names | phosphorus (V) oxide (eng.)
tetraphosphorus decoxide (Rus.) phosphorus pentoxide (Rus.) phosphoric anhydride (Rus.) |
The type of substance. | inorganic |
Appearance | white trigonal crystals |
The color of the oxide of phosphorus (V) | white |
Taste | —* |
The smell | — |
Aggregate state (at 20 °C and atmospheric pressure of 1 ATM.) | solid |
The density of the H-shape (state of matter – solid, at 20 °C), kg/m3 | 2300 |
The density of the H-shape (state of matter – solid, at 20 °C) g/cm3 | 2,3 |
The density of the O`-form (state of matter – solid, at 20 °C), kg/m3 | 3000 |
The density of the O`-form (state of matter – solid, at 20 °C) g/cm3 | 3,0 |
The density of O-shape (state of matter – solid, at 20 °C), kg/m3 | 2720 |
The density of O-shape (state of matter – solid, at 20 °C) g/cm3 | Of 2.72 |
Sublimation temperature is H-shaped, °C | The 340.5 |
The boiling point of the O`-form, °C | 605,5 |
The boiling point of the O-forms, °C | 605,5 |
The melting point of H-form, °C | 420,5 (0,48 MPa) |
The melting point of O`-shaped, °C | 580,5 (74 kPa) |
The melting point of the O-forms, °C | 562 (58 kPa) |
Molar mass of phosphorus oxide (V), P2O5, g/mol | 141,94 |
Molar mass of phosphorus oxide (V), P4O10, g/mol | 283,88 |
Note:
* — no data.
The receipt of the oxide of phosphorus (V):
Phosphorus oxide (V) is prepared by burning phosphorus in excess of oxygen or air.
P4 + 5O2 → P4O10 (t = 34 to 60 °C).
The finished product consists of a mixture of different forms P4O10.
Chemical properties of phosphorus oxide (V). The chemical reaction of phosphorus oxide (V):
Phosphorus oxide (V) refers to acidic oxides.
Chemical properties of phosphorus oxide (V) are similar to the properties of acidic oxides other nonmetals. So it is characterized by the following chemical reactions:
1. the reaction of phosphorus oxide (V) and white phosphorus:
3P4O10 + 2P4 → 5P4O6 (t = 50 °C).
In the reaction, the formed phosphorus oxide (III).
2. the reaction of phosphorus oxide (V) and sodium:
3P4O10 + 16Na → 10NaPO3 + 2Na3P (t = 300-400 °C).
In the reaction, the formed salt is a metaphosphate of sodium and the phosphide of sodium.
3. the reaction of phosphorus oxide (V) and lithium:
3P4O10 + 16Li → 10LiPO3 + 2Li3P (t = 300-400 °C).
In the reaction, the formed salt is a metaphosphate, lithium phosphide, and lithium.
4. the reaction of phosphorus oxide (V) and fluorine:
P4O10 + 6F2 → 4POF3 + 3O2 (t = 100 °C).
In the reaction, the formed oxide TRIFLUORIDE phosphorus(V) and oxygen.
5. the reaction of phosphorus oxide (V) with water:
P4O10 + 6H2O → 4H3PO4 or P2O5 + 3H2O → 2H3PO4,
P4O10 + 2H2O → 4HPO3 or P2O5 + H2O → 2HPO3.
The reaction to form acids: in the case of phosphoric acid, and the second metaphosphoric acid.
6. the reaction of phosphorus oxide (V) calcium oxide:
CaO + P2O5 → Ca(PO3)2,
2CaO + P2O5 → Ca2P2O7,
3CaO + P2O5 → Ca3(PO4)2 (t°).
The reaction produced a salt, in the first case, the metaphosphate of calciumin the second – diphosphate calcium, a calcium phosphate.
7. the reaction of phosphorus oxide (V) with a sodium oxide:
3Na2O + P2O5 → 2Na3PO4.
In the reaction, the formed salt is sodium orthophosphate.
8. the reaction of phosphorus oxide (V) oxide boron:
2B2O3 + P4O10 → 4BPO4 (t°).
In the reaction, the formed salt is a phosphate of boron.
9. the reaction of phosphorus oxide (V) with sodium hydroxide:
P4O10 + 12NaOH → 4Na3PO4 + 6H2O or P2O5 + 6NaOH → 2Na3PO4 + 3H2O.
The reaction produced a salt – orthophosphate of sodium and water. Sodium hydroxide – dilute solution.
10. the reaction of phosphorus oxide (V) with hydrofluoric acid:
P4O10 + 3HF → POF3 + 3HPO3 (t = 120-170 oC).
As a result of chemical reaction is obtained the oxide of phosphorus TRIFLUORIDE and metaphosphoric acid.
11. the reaction of phosphorus oxide (V) with hydrogen bromide (bromoderma):
P4O10 + 3HBr → POBr3 + 3HPO3 (t = 200 oC).
As a result of chemical reaction is obtained the oxide tribromide phosphorous and metaphosphoric acid.
12. the reaction of phosphorus oxide (V) with nitric acid:
4HNO3 + P4O10 → 2N2O5 + 4HPO3 or 2HNO3 + P2O5 → N2O5 + 2HPO3 (t = -10 oC).
As a result of chemical reaction is obtained the oxide of nitrogen and in metaphosphoric acid.
13. the reaction of phosphorus oxide (V) from phosphoric acid:
P4O10 + 8H3PO4 → 6H4P2O7 (t = 80-100 oC).
As a result of chemical reaction is obtained diphosphine acid. Phosphoric acid – concentrated solution.
14. the reaction of phosphorus oxide (V) with hydrogen peroxide:
P4O10 + 8H2O2 → 4H3PO2(O2)2 + 2H2O (t = -20 oC).
As a result of chemical reactions turns diperoxydicarbonate of hydrogen and water. Hydrogen peroxide – anhydrous.
15. the reaction of phosphorus oxide (V) with organic compounds:
Phosphorus oxide (V) reacts with by amides, turning them into NITRILES and alcohols, esters, phenols and other organic compounds, with the formation of organophosphorus compounds.
The application and use of phosphorus oxide (V):
Phosphorus oxide (V) is used as a desiccant of gases and liquids in organic synthesis.
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