Gadolinium, the properties of atoms, chemical and physical properties

Gadolinium, the properties of atoms, chemical and physical properties.

 

 

 

Gd 64 Gadolinium

157,25(3) 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10 4s2 4p6 4d10 4f7 5s2 5p6 5d1 6s2

 

Gadolinium — element of the periodic system of chemical elements D. I. Mendeleev, with atomic number 64. Located in the 3rd group (old classification — side subgroup of the third group), the sixth period of the periodic system. Belongs to the group of lanthanides.

 

General information

Properties of an atom

Chemical properties

Physical properties

Table of chemical elements of D. I. Mendeleev

 

 

General information

 
Name Gadolinium/ Gadolinium
Symbol Gd
Room at the table 64
Type Metal
Open Jean de Marignac, Switzerland, 1880
Appearance, etc. A soft ductile metal with a silvery-white color
The contents in the earth’s crust 0,00052 %
The contents in the ocean Of 7.0×10-11 %

Properties of an atom

 
The atomic mass (molar mass) 157,25(3) and. E. M. (g/mol)
Electronic configuration 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10 4s2 4p6 4d10 4f7 5s2 5p6 5d1 6s2
The radius of the atom 179 PM

Chemical properties

 
Oxidation +3
Valence +3
Covalent radius 161 PM
The radius of the ion (+3e) 93,8 PM
Electronegativity 1,2 (scale Pauling)
Energy of ionization (the first electron) 594,2 kJ/mol (of 6.16 eV)
Electrode potential -2,28 In

Physical properties

Density (under normal conditions) 7.9 g/cm3
Melting point 1313 °C (1586 K)
Boiling point 3266°C (3539 K)
UD. the heat of fusion 10,0 kJ/mol
UD. heat of evaporation 398 kJ/mol
Molar heat capacity Of 37.1 j/(K·mol)
Molar volume 19,9 cm3/mol
The thermal conductivity (at 300 K) 10.5 W/(m·K)
The electrical conductivity in the solid phase 0,77х106 Cm/m
Superconductivity at a temperature of
Hardness 570 MPa Vickers
The lattice structure hexagonal
The lattice parameters a = 3,636 Å, c = Å 5,783
The ratio c/a 1,590
Debye Temperature

 

Table of chemical elements of D. I. Mendeleev