Disperse system
Disperse system.
Disperse system is education (a mixture) of two or more phases (of objects, substances), which practically do not mix and do not react with each other chemically.
Classification of disperse systems
Disperse system:
Disperse system is education (a mixture) of two or more phases (solids, substances), which practically do not mix and do not react with each other chemically.
Disperse system may consist of two, three or more phases (of objects, substances).
In a typical case, a two-phase system, the first of substances (particulate phase) consists of very small particles finely distributed in the second substance (dispersion medium). The disperse medium is present in bigger quantity and has a greater volume compared to the dispersed phase. The dispersed phase has a smaller volume and occupies a smaller quantity.
Particle phase and medium have a surface section. Therefore, the dispersed system is heterogeneous, that is, heterogeneous. In a dispersed system all phases (body, substance) can be separated from each other by physical means (centrifuge, separate, etc.).
A disperse system (including dispersed phase and dispersion medium) can be any state of aggregation: solid, liquid, gaseous.
Classification of disperse systems:
Disperse systems klassificeret for various reasons:
– aggregate state of dispersed phase and dispersion medium:
| Marking: | Dispersed phase: | Dispersion medium: | Name of a disperse system: |
| G/T | gaseous | solid | a porous body (material) and foam. Example: penopolimerov, pumice |
| W/T | liquid | solid | the capillary system (the fluid-filled porous body). Example: soil, soil |
| T/T | solid | solid | solid heterogeneous system. Example: alloys, concrete, ceramics, rocks, composite materials |
| G/W | gaseous | liquid | gas emulsions and foams |
| W/W | liquid | liquid | emulsion. Example: oil, cream, milk |
| T/F | solid | liquid | suspensions and sols. Example: pulp, sludge, slurry, paste |
| G/G | gaseous | gaseous | as a rule, homogeneous mixture, disperse systems are formed. Example: air, natural gas |
| W/G | liquid | gaseous | aerosols. Example: fog, clouds |
| T/G | solid | gaseous | aerosols. Example: dust, smoke, powdery substance |
– the particle size of the dispersed phase:
| Particle size | Name of a disperse system: |
| to 1 nm | molecular monodisperse |
| 1 – 100 nm | ultramicroelectrode, fine, fine |
| 1 – 10 nm | ultrafine, nanosized |
| 100 nm – 10 µm | microheterogeneous, medium |
| 1 – 100 µm | coarse |
– on the fractional composition of the dispersed phase:
| Fractional composition of the particles of the dispersed phase: | Name of a disperse system: |
| particles of the same size | monodisperse |
| particles of different sizes | polydisperse |
– kinetic properties of the dispersed phase:
| Kinetic properties of the dispersed phase: | Name of a disperse system: |
| the dispersed phase of the movable | svobodnodispersnye |
| dispersion medium is solid and the particles of its dispersed phase are interrelated and are unable to move freely | svjaznodispersnye |
– the nature of interaction of dispersed particles with the dispersion medium:
| The nature of interaction of dispersed particles with the dispersion medium: | Name of a disperse system: |
| weak | lyophobic |
| strong | freeze |
– by the distribution of phases:
| The distribution pattern of phases: | Name of a disperse system: |
| solid | continuum |
| mesh thin layers | bicentenary |
– in the form of particles:
| Particle shape: | Name of a disperse system: |
| length, width and thickness are about the same (from 1 nm to 10 µm) | volume (three-dimensional) |
| the same thickness (1 nm – 10 µm), but length and width are much larger and can have macroscopic values (over 100 µm) | surface (two-dimensional) |
| very fine thread, fiber, the cross-sectional diameter is from 1 nm to 10 µm | linear (one-dimensional) |
| spherical, cubic | symmetric |
| ellipsoidal, prismatic | anisodiametric |
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