Calcium, properties of atom, chemical and physical properties

Calcium, properties of atom, chemical and physical properties.

 

 

 

Ca 20 Calcium

40,078(4) 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2

 

Calcium element of the periodic system of chemical elements D. I. Mendeleev, with atomic number 20. Located in the 2nd group (old classification — the main subgroup of the second group), the fourth period of the periodic system.

 

General information

Properties of an atom

Chemical properties

Physical properties

Chemical reactions

Table of chemical elements of D. I. Mendeleev

 

 

General information

 
Name Calcium/ Calcium
Symbol Ca
Room at the table 20
Type Metal
Open Humphrey Davy, England, 1808
Appearance, etc. A moderately hard, silvery-white metal
The contents in the earth’s crust 5,0 %
The contents in the ocean 0,00042 %

Properties of an atom

 
The atomic mass (molar mass) 40,078(4) and. E. M. (g/mol)
Electronic configuration 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2
The radius of the atom 197 PM

Chemical properties

 
Oxidation +2
Valence +2
Covalent radius 174 PM
The radius of the ion (+2e) 99 PM
Electronegativity 1,0 (scale Pauling)
Energy of ionization (the first electron) 589,4 kJ/mol (of 6.11 eV)
Electrode potential -2,76 In

Physical properties

Density (under normal conditions) 1,55 g/cm3
Melting point 838,85 °C (1115 K)
Boiling point 1483,85 °C (1757 K)
UD. the heat of fusion Of 9.20 kJ/mol
UD. heat of evaporation 153,6 kJ/mol
Molar heat capacity 25,9 j/(K·mol)
Molar volume Of 29.9 cm3/mol
The thermal conductivity (at 300 K) 201,0 W/(m·K)
The electrical conductivity in the solid phase 29х106 Cm/m
Superconductivity at a temperature of
Hardness A 1.75 on the Mohs scale
The lattice structure face-centered cubic
The lattice parameters 5,580 Å
Debye Temperature 230 K
Condensate Bose-Einstein 40Ca

 


Chemical reactions:

1. The reaction of interaction of calcium and sulphur:

Ca + S → CaS (t = 150 °C).

The reaction produces calcium sulfide.

2. The reaction between calcium and fluorine:

Ca + F2 → CaF2.

The reaction produced calcium fluoride.

3. The reaction between calcium and bromine:

Ca + Br2 → CaBr2 (t = 200-400 °C).

The reaction produced calcium bromide.

4. The reaction of interaction of calcium and hydrogen:

Ca + H2 → CaH2 (t = 500-700 °C).

The reaction produced calcium hydride.

5. The reaction between calcium and fluorine:

Ca + F2 → CaF2.

The reaction produced calcium fluoride.

6. The reaction between calcium and chlorine:

Ca + Cl2 → CaCl2 (t = 200-400 °C).

The reaction produced calcium chloride.

7. The reaction between calcium and iodine:

Ca + I2 → CaI2 (t = 200-400 °C).

The reaction produces iodide of calcium.

8. The reaction of interaction of calcium and nitrogen:

3Ca + N2 → Ca3N2 (t = 200-450 °C).

The reaction produced calcium nitride.

9. The reaction of interaction of calcium and red phosphorus:

3Ca + 2P → Ca3P2 (t = 350-400 °C).

The reaction produced calcium phosphide.

10. The reaction between silicon and calcium:

Si + Ca → CaSi (t°).

The reaction forms a silicide of calcium. The reaction proceeds with fusion of the reaction mixture.

11. The reaction between carbon and calcium:

2C + Ca → CaC2 (t = 550 °C).

The reaction produced calcium carbide.

12. The reaction between silicon and calcium:

2Si + Ca → CaSi2 (t°),

Si + 2Ca → Ca2Si (t°),

Si + Ca → CaSi (t°).

The reaction forms a silicide of calcium.

13. The reaction between calcium and oxygen:

2Ca + O2 → 2CaO (t = 300 °C).

This reaction represents the burning of calcium in air. The reaction of calcium oxide is formed.

14. The reaction between calcium and water:

2Ca + H2O → CaO + CaH2 (t = 200-300 °C),

Ca + 2H2O → Ca(OH)2 + H2.

As a result of reaction formed in the first case, calcium oxide and calcium hydride, and the second calcium hydroxide and hydrogen.

15. The reaction between calcium oxide and chlorine:

Ca + 2ClO2 → Cl2O3 + CaO (t = 900-950 °C).

The reaction formed dichloro trioxide and calcium oxide.

16. The reaction of interaction of magnesium oxide and calcium:

MgO + Ca → CaO + Mg (t = 1300 °C).

The reaction produces calcium oxide and magnesium.

17. The reaction between calcium oxide and carbon:

5Ca + 2CO2 → CaC2 + 4CaO (t = 500 °C).

The reaction formed a calcium carbide and calcium oxide.

18. The reaction between vanadium oxide and calcium:

V2O5 + 5Ca → 2V + 5CaO (t = 950 °C),

V2O3 + 3Ca → 3CaO + 2V (t°).

In the reaction, the formed vanadium and calcium oxide.

19. The reaction between oxide of praseodymium and calcium:

Pr2O3 + 3Ca → 3CaO + 2Pr (t°).

The reaction formed praseodymium and calcium oxide.

20. The reaction of interaction of oxide of neodymium and calcium:

Nd2O3 + 3Ca → 3CaO + 2Nd (t = 1000-1100 °C).

The reaction produces calcium oxide and neodymium. The reaction proceeds at a temperature of 1000-1100°C.

21. The reaction between samarium oxide and calcium:

Sm2O3 + 3Ca → 3CaO + 2Sm (t = 1000-1100 °C).

The reaction produces calcium oxide and samarium.

22. The reaction between the oxide of europium and calcium:

Eu2O3 + 3Ca → 3CaO + 2Eu (t = 1000-1100 °C).

The reaction produces calcium oxide and europium.

23. The reaction of interaction of gadolinium oxide and calcium:

Gd2O3 + 3Ca → 3CaO + 2Gd (t = 1000-1100 °C).

The reaction produces calcium oxide and gadolinium.

24. The reaction between oxide of terbium and calcium:

Tb2O3 + 3Ca → 3CaO + 2Tb (t = 1000-1100 °C).

The reaction produces calcium oxide and terbium.

25. The reaction of interaction of dysprosium oxide and calcium:

Dy2O3 + 3Ca → 3CaO + 2Dy (t = 1000-1100 °C).

The reaction produces calcium oxide and dysprosium.

26. The reaction of interaction of holmium oxide and calcium:

Ho2O3 + 3Ca → 3CaO + 2Ho (t = 1000-1100 °C).

The reaction produces calcium oxide and holmium.

27. The reaction between erbium oxide and calcium:

Er2O3 + 3Ca → 3CaO + 2Er (t = 1000-1100 °C).

The reaction produces calcium oxide and erbium.

28. The reaction between ytterbium oxide and calcium:

Yb2O3 + 3Ca → 3CaO + 2Yb (t = 1000-1100 °C).

The reaction produces calcium oxide and ytterbium.

29. The reaction between lutetium oxide and calcium:

Lu2O3 + 3Ca → 3CaO + 2Lu (t = 1000-1100 °C).

The reaction produces calcium oxide and lutetium.

30. The reaction between chromium oxide and calcium:

Cr2O3 + 3Ca → 2Cr + 3CaO (t =700-800°C).

In the reaction, the formed chromium and calcium oxide.

31. The reaction between calcium and nitric acid:

4Ca + 10HNO3 → 4Ca(NO3)2 + N2O + 5H2O

4Ca + 10HNO3 → 4Ca(NO3)2 + NH4NO3 + 3H2O.

As a result of reaction formed in the first case, calcium nitrate, nitric oxide and water, in the second case, nitrate calcium, ammonium nitrate and water. In the course of a chemical reaction is used in the first case, dilute nitric acid, the second a very dilute nitric acid.

32. The reaction of interaction of calcium and phosphoric acid:

2H3PO4 + 3Ca → Ca3(PO4)2 + 3H2.

The reaction produced calcium phosphate and hydrogen.

Similar operations occur with other acids.

33. The reaction of interaction of calcium and ammonia:

Ca + 2NH3 → Ca(NH2)2 + H2 (t = -40 °C kat = Pt, Fe),

Ca + * 6NH3 → [Ca(NH3)6] (t = -40 °C),

6Ca + 2NH3 → Ca3N2 + 3CaH2 (t = 600-650 °C).

As a result of reaction formed in the first case, the amide calcium and hydrogen, in the second – examin calcium, the third nitride of calcium and calcium hydride. In the course of the reaction is liquid ammonia. In the second case, the reaction proceeds in an atmosphere of argon.

34. The reaction of interaction of calcium and methane:

5Ca + 2CH4 → CaC2 + 4CaH2 (t = 800 °C).

The reaction formed a calcium carbide and calcium hydride.

35. The reaction between calcium and sodium hydroxide:

3Ca + 4NaOH → 3CaO + Na2O + 2Na + 2H2 (t = 600 °C).

The reaction produces calcium oxide, sodium oxide, sodium and hydrogen.

36. The reaction between yttrium fluoride and calcium:

2YF3 + 3Ca → 3CaF2 + 2Y.

The reaction produced calcium fluoride and yttrium.

37. The reaction between chloride of cerium, and calcium:

2CeCl3 + 3Ca → 3CaCl2 + 2Ce (t = 550-850°C).

The reaction formed chloride of calcium and cerium.

38. The reaction between praseodymium chloride and calcium:

2PrCl3 + 3Ca → 3CaCl2 + 2Pr (t = 550-850°C).

The reaction produces calcium chloride and praseodymium.

39. The reaction between neodymium chloride and calcium:

2NdCl3 + 3Ca → 3CaCl2 + 2Nd (t = 550-850°C).

The reaction produces calcium chloride and neodymium.

40. The reaction between europium chloride and calcium:

2EuCl3 + 3Ca → 3CaCl2 + 2Eu (t = 550-850°C).

The reaction produces calcium chloride and europium.

40. The reaction between chloride of samarium and calcium:

2SmCl3 + 3Ca → 3CaCl2 + 2Sm (t = 550-850°C).

The reaction produces calcium chloride and samarium.

41. The reaction between chloride of gadolinium and calcium:

2GdCl3 + 3Ca → 3CaCl2 + 2Gd (t = 550-850°C).

The reaction produces calcium chloride and gadolinium.

42. The reaction between terbium chloride and calcium:

2TbCl3 + 3Ca → 3CaCl2 + 2Tb (t = 550-850°C).

The reaction formed chloride of calcium and terbium.

43. The reaction between chloride dysprosium and calcium:

2DyCl3 + 3Ca → 3CaCl2 + 2Dy (t = 550-850°C).

The reaction produces calcium chloride and dysprosium.

44. The reaction between chloride holmium and calcium

2HoCl3 + 3Ca → 3CaCl2 + 2Ho (t = 550-850°C).

The reaction produces calcium chloride and holmium.

45. The reaction between chloride of erbium and calcium:

2ErCl3 + 3Ca → 3CaCl2 + 2Er (t = 550-850°C).

The reaction produces calcium chloride and erbium.

46. The reaction between chloride and ytterbium and calcium:

2YbCl3 + 3Ca → 3CaCl2 + 2Yb (t = 550-850°C).

The reaction produces calcium chloride and ytterbium.

47. The reaction of interaction of lutetium chloride, and calcium:

2LuCl3 + 3Ca → 3CaCl2 + 2Lu (t = 550-850°C).

The reaction produces calcium chloride and lutetium.

48. The reaction between chromium chloride and calcium:

2CrCl3 + 3Ca → 2Cr + 3CaCl2 (t = 900-1000°C).

In the reaction, the formed chromium and calcium chloride. The reaction proceeds in an atmosphere of argon.

49. The reaction between the fluoride of scandium and calcium:

2ScF3 + 3Ca → 2Sc + 3CaF2 (t = 800-850°C).

In the reaction, the formed scandium and calcium fluoride.

50. The reaction between cesium chloride and calcium:

2CsCl + Ca → CaCl2 + 2Cs (t°).

The reaction produces calcium chloride and cesium.

 

Table of chemical elements of D. I. Mendeleev

 

1. Hydrogen
2. Helium
3. Li
4. Beryllium
5. Bor
6. Carbon
7. Nitrogen
8. Oxygen
9. Fluoride
10. Neon
11. Sodium
12. Magnesium
13. Aluminium
14. Silicon
15. Phosphorus
16. Sulfur
17. Chlorine
18. Argon
19. Potassium
20. Calcium
21. Scandium
22. Titan
23. Vanadium
24. Chrome
25. Manganese
26. Iron
27. Cobalt
28. Nickel
29. Copper
30. Zinc
31. Gallium
32. Germanium
33. Arsenic
34. Selenium
35. Bromine
36. Krypton
37. Rubidium
38. Strontium
39. Yttrium
40. Cubic Zirconia
41. Niobium
42. Molybdenum
43. Technetium
44. Ruthenium
45. Rhodium
46. Palladium
47. Silver
48. Cadmium
49. Indium
50. Tin
51. Antimony
52. Tellurium
53. Iodine
54. Xenon
55. Cesium
56. Barium
57. Lantan
58. Cerium
59. Praseodymium
60. Neodymium
61. The promethium
62. Samarium
63. Europium
64. Gadolinium
65. Terbium
66. Dysprosium
67. Holmium
68. Erbium
69. Tullius
70. Ytterbium
71. Lutetium
72. Hafnium
73. Tantalum
74. Tungsten
75. Rhenium
76. Osmium
77. Iridium
78. Platinum
79. Gold
80. Mercury
81. Thallium
82. Lead
83. Bismuth
84. Polonium
85. ASTAT
86. Radon
87. Frances
88. Radium
89. Anemone
90. Thorium
91. The protactinium
92. Uranium
93. Neptunium
94. Plutonium
95. Americium
96. Curium
97. Berkley
98. California
99. Einsteini
100. The fermium
101. Mendeleevo
102. The nobelium
103. Lawrence
104. Rutherfordi
105. Dubna
106. Cyborgy
107. Bore
108. Chassi
109. Materii
110. Darmstadtium
111. Rentgeny
112. Copernici
113. Nichani
114. Planovi
115. Of Muscovy
116. Livermore
117. Tennessen
118. Ohanneson

 

Table of chemical elements of D. I. Mendeleev

 

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